Spotted pimelodus
Introduction
The Spotted Pimelodus (Pimelodus maculatus), also known as the Spotted Pim, is a captivating freshwater catfish native to South America. Its distinctive spotted pattern and active nature make it a popular choice among aquarists. While relatively hardy, this species requires specific care to thrive, making it suitable for hobbyists with some experience.
What makes the Spotted Pimelodus appealing to aquarists?
Its unique spotted appearance and lively behavior add visual interest and activity to aquariums.
Is the Spotted Pimelodus suitable for beginners?
Due to its specific care requirements and potential size, it's better suited for aquarists with some experience.
Care and Environment
Proper care for the Spotted Pimelodus involves attention to tank size, water parameters, and habitat setup.
What is the minimum tank size for a Spotted Pimelodus?
A minimum of 100 liters (approximately 25 gallons) is recommended to accommodate a single fish.
What are the ideal water parameters for this species?
Maintain a temperature between 20-24°C (68-75°F), pH levels of 6.4-7.4, and water hardness of 5-20°H.
How should the tank be set up?
Provide a sandy or smooth gravel substrate to protect their barbels, along with hiding spots like caves, driftwood, and dense vegetation to mimic their natural habitat.
Filtration should be strong and efficient, with a moderate water flow to replicate riverine conditions. Regular partial water changes are essential to maintain water quality, as Spotted Pimelodus are sensitive to deteriorating conditions.
Being nocturnal, they are most active during the night. Feeding should include a variety of foods such as bloodworms, high-quality pellets, sinking wafers, and live or frozen foods like brine shrimp and earthworms. Be cautious not to overfeed, as they have a tendency to overeat.
Are there any specific challenges in keeping Spotted Pimelodus?
They can be sensitive to water quality fluctuations and may exhibit aggression towards smaller tank mates, especially during nighttime activities.
Origin and Habitat
Spotted Pimelodus are native to the Paraná and São Francisco River basins in Brazil and Argentina. They inhabit shallow, flowing waters over sandy or muddy substrates, including major river channels and their tributaries. During the wet season, they can also be found in pools and small lakes formed by receding floodwaters.
What type of environment do they prefer in the wild?
They favor areas with moderate water currents and abundant submerged structures and vegetation, providing ample hiding spots.
Do they experience seasonal habitat changes?
Yes, during the wet season, they migrate to flooded areas, utilizing temporary pools and lakes.
Temperament and Compatibility
Spotted Pimelodus are generally peaceful but are predatory and may consume smaller fish. They are best kept with larger, robust tank mates that they cannot swallow, such as Severum Cichlids, Silver Dollars, Firemouth Cichlids, and Clown Loaches.
Can Spotted Pimelodus be kept with smaller fish?
No, they may prey on smaller fish, especially during their nocturnal activities.
Are they social fish?
They are shoaling by nature and are more active and outgoing when kept in groups.
What is the best way to create a harmonious tank community?
Ensure tank mates are of similar size and temperament, and provide ample space and hiding spots to reduce potential aggression.
Interesting Facts
Spotted Pimelodus possess rigid pectoral and dorsal spines that can become entangled in nets and may cause painful wounds if handled carelessly. It's advisable to use a container instead of a net when moving them.
Do they have any unique behaviors?
They are known to produce audible sounds, often described as creaking, which adds to their unique appeal.
Is breeding common in captivity?
Breeding in home aquariums is rare, as they are migratory spawners requiring specific conditions that are difficult to replicate.
Sources
All information in this article has been gathered from the following reputable sources:
Overview
Recommended Tank Size 118.9 Gallon (for groups of 6 or more) |
Minimum Group Size 1 |
Minimum Tank Volume 26.4 Gallon |
Maximum Adult Length 9.8 inch |
Average Adult Length 7.1 inch |
Shoaling (6+ required) Yes |
Preferred Water Type Freshwater, soft to moderately hard, slightly acidic to neutral |
Temperature Range (°C) 20-24 |
pH Range 6.4-7.4 |
Water Hardness (dGH) 5-20 |
Typical Lifespan (years) 8 years |