Spotted ctenopoma
Introduction
The Spotted ctenopoma (Ctenopoma acutirostre), also known as the Leopard bush fish or Spotted climbing perch, is a captivating freshwater species cherished by aquarists for its unique appearance and intriguing behaviors. With its leopard-like spots and stealthy movements, this fish adds an exotic flair to home aquariums. While not overly aggressive, the Spotted ctenopoma is a predatory species, making it essential for hobbyists to understand its specific care requirements to ensure a harmonious tank environment.
What makes the Spotted ctenopoma appealing to aquarists?
Its distinctive spotted pattern and ambush predator behavior provide both visual interest and dynamic activity within the aquarium.
Is the Spotted ctenopoma suitable for beginner fishkeepers?
While manageable, its predatory nature and specific care needs may be better suited for aquarists with some experience.
Care and Environment
Proper care for the Spotted ctenopoma involves replicating its natural habitat and addressing its dietary and behavioral needs.
What is the minimum tank size for a Spotted ctenopoma?
A minimum tank size of 200 liters is recommended to provide adequate space for a single fish to swim and establish territory.
What are the ideal water parameters for this species?
Maintain a temperature between 23°C and 28°C, a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5, and water hardness between 5 to 12 dGH to mimic their natural environment.
Effective filtration is crucial to maintain water quality, as Spotted ctenopomas are sensitive to poor conditions. A moderate water flow is preferred, reflecting their native slow-moving waters. Subdued lighting, complemented by floating plants, helps recreate the dimly lit habitats they favor.
As carnivorous ambush predators, their diet should consist primarily of live or frozen foods such as brine shrimp, tubifex worms, and small fish. While some individuals may accept high-quality pellets or flakes, live foods are generally preferred.
Decorate the tank with dense vegetation, driftwood, and caves to provide ample hiding spots, which help reduce stress and encourage natural behaviors. Ensure the tank is securely covered, as Spotted ctenopomas are known to be adept jumpers.
Are there any specific challenges in keeping Spotted ctenopomas?
They can be sensitive to sudden changes in water parameters and may exhibit aggression towards smaller tank mates, especially during feeding times.
Origin and Habitat
Native to the Congo River Basin in Africa, the Spotted ctenopoma inhabits a variety of freshwater environments, including slow-moving rivers, streams, and stagnant ponds. These waters are typically warm, with temperatures ranging from 23°C to 28°C, and have a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. The natural habitat is often densely vegetated, providing ample cover and hunting grounds for this ambush predator.
What type of substrate is found in their natural habitat?
The substrate usually consists of sand, gravel, rocks, and decomposing plant matter, creating a soft and complex environment.
Do they experience seasonal variations in their habitat?
Yes, seasonal flooding can lead to changes in water flow and availability of prey, influencing their behavior and distribution.
Temperament and Compatibility
Spotted ctenopomas are generally peaceful but have a predatory nature, which influences their compatibility with other fish.
Can Spotted ctenopomas be kept with smaller fish?
It's not advisable, as they may prey on smaller tank mates that can fit into their mouths.
What are suitable tank mates for Spotted ctenopomas?
Compatible companions include larger, peaceful species such as Congo tetras, larger barbs, and peaceful cichlids that are too large to be considered prey.
They are not shoaling fish and prefer to be kept singly or in carefully managed groups to prevent territorial disputes. Providing ample hiding spots and visual barriers can help reduce potential aggression.
Interesting Facts
The Spotted ctenopoma possesses a labyrinth organ, allowing it to breathe atmospheric air, an adaptation for surviving in oxygen-poor waters. This species is also known for its ability to move over land for short distances, using its pectoral fins to "walk" to new water bodies during periods of drought.
How long can Spotted ctenopomas live?
With proper care, they can live up to 15 years in captivity.
Are they active during the day or night?
They are primarily nocturnal, often becoming more active and hunting during the night.
Sources
All information in this article has been gathered from the following reputable sources: