Porthole catfish
Introduction
The Porthole catfish (Dianema longibarbis) is a peaceful and hardy freshwater species native to South America. Its distinctive spotted pattern and gentle nature make it a popular choice among aquarists. Suitable for both beginner and intermediate fishkeepers, the Porthole catfish thrives in well-maintained community tanks and offers a unique addition to any aquarium setup.
What makes the Porthole catfish appealing to aquarists?
Its peaceful temperament, distinctive spotted appearance, and adaptability to community tanks make it a favored choice among fish enthusiasts.
Is the Porthole catfish suitable for beginners?
Yes, due to its hardy nature and ease of care, it's well-suited for novice aquarists.
Care and Environment
Proper care of the Porthole catfish involves attention to tank size, water parameters, and environmental enrichment. A minimum tank size of 100 liters is recommended for a single fish, with larger volumes preferred for groups. Ideal water conditions include a temperature range of 24–28°C, pH between 5.8 and 7.8, and water hardness of 2–20 dGH. Efficient filtration is essential to maintain water quality, and moderate lighting is sufficient.
Feeding should consist of a varied diet, including quality flake food, algae wafers, shrimp pellets, and occasional treats like bloodworms. The tank should feature a sandy or fine gravel substrate to protect the fish's sensitive barbels, along with hiding spots created by rocks, roots, and plants. Floating plants can provide additional cover and comfort.
While generally hardy, Porthole catfish are sensitive to poor water quality and should not be introduced into immature aquariums. Regular water changes and monitoring are crucial to prevent stress and disease.
What is the ideal tank size for a Porthole catfish?
A minimum of 100 liters is recommended for a single fish, with larger tanks preferred for groups.
What should I feed my Porthole catfish?
A varied diet including quality flake food, algae wafers, shrimp pellets, and occasional live or frozen treats like bloodworms.
Are Porthole catfish sensitive to water conditions?
Yes, they are sensitive to poor water quality and should not be introduced into immature aquariums.
Origin and Habitat
Native to the Amazon River basin in Brazil and Peru, the Porthole catfish inhabits slow-moving or still waters such as rivers, floodplains, and lakes. These environments are typically warm, with temperatures ranging from 22–27°C, and have soft, acidic to neutral water conditions. The natural habitat often features sandy or muddy substrates, abundant vegetation, and submerged roots, providing ample hiding spots and foraging opportunities.
Where is the Porthole catfish naturally found?
In the Amazon River basin of Brazil and Peru.
What type of environment does the Porthole catfish prefer?
Slow-moving or still waters with sandy or muddy substrates and abundant vegetation.
Temperament and Compatibility
The Porthole catfish is a peaceful, schooling species that thrives in groups of at least four. It coexists well with other non-aggressive fish, making it an excellent addition to community tanks. Suitable tank mates include tetras, gouramis, and dwarf cichlids. However, it's advisable to avoid housing them with overly aggressive or significantly larger species that may intimidate or prey upon them.
Is the Porthole catfish aggressive?
No, it is a peaceful species suitable for community tanks.
How many Porthole catfish should be kept together?
At least four, as they are a schooling species.
What are suitable tank mates for Porthole catfish?
Non-aggressive species like tetras, gouramis, and dwarf cichlids.
Interesting Facts
Porthole catfish are known for their unique behavior of surfacing to gulp air, a trait that allows them to survive in low-oxygen environments. They are also bubble nest builders; males construct nests at the water's surface among floating plants, where females lay up to 500 eggs. The male guards the nest until the fry hatch, showcasing a fascinating aspect of their reproductive behavior.
Do Porthole catfish build nests?
Yes, males construct bubble nests at the water's surface for breeding.
Why do Porthole catfish surface to gulp air?
To survive in low-oxygen environments by supplementing their oxygen intake.
Sources
All information in this article has been gathered from the following reputable sources:
Overview
Recommended Tank Size 52.8 Gallon (for groups of 4 or more) |
Minimum Group Size 4 |
Minimum Tank Volume 26.4 Gallon |
Maximum Adult Length 3.9 inch |
Average Adult Length 3.1 inch |
Shoaling (6+ required) Yes |
Preferred Water Type Freshwater, soft to moderately hard, acidic to neutral |
Temperature Range (°C) 24–28 |
pH Range 5.8–7.8 |
Water Hardness (dGH) 2–20 |
Typical Lifespan (years) 10 years |