January tetra
Introduction
The January tetra (Hemigrammus hyanuary), also known as the Costello tetra or green neon tetra, is a captivating freshwater fish native to the Amazon Basin. Its shimmering greenish body adorned with a luminous stripe makes it a favorite among aquarists. Renowned for its peaceful nature and manageable care requirements, the January tetra is an excellent choice for both novice and experienced fishkeepers.
Care and Environment
Providing optimal care for the January tetra involves replicating its natural habitat and ensuring stable water conditions.
What is the minimum tank size for a January tetra?
A minimum tank size of 60 liters is recommended to accommodate a small school of January tetras, allowing them ample space to swim and exhibit natural behaviors.
What are the ideal water parameters for January tetras?
Maintain water temperatures between 23°C and 27°C, with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. Water hardness should be kept between 2 to 15 dGH to mimic their native soft, slightly acidic waters.
How should the aquarium be set up for January tetras?
Use a substrate of river sand and add driftwood branches and dried leaves, such as beech or oak, to simulate their natural environment. These elements release tannins, giving the water a tea-like color and creating a more authentic habitat. While aquatic plants are not a feature of their natural waters, incorporating them can provide additional hiding spots and enhance the tank's aesthetics.
Filtration should be efficient yet gentle to maintain water quality without creating strong currents. Lighting can be subdued to replicate the dimly lit environments of their native habitats.
January tetras are omnivorous and will accept a variety of foods. A balanced diet consisting of high-quality flake or pellet food supplemented with live or frozen foods like brine shrimp, daphnia, or bloodworms will keep them healthy and vibrant.
Origin and Habitat
Native to the Amazon Basin in Brazil and Peru, the January tetra was first described from specimens collected in Lake Hyanuary near Manaus, Brazil. They inhabit slow-moving rivers, tributaries, and floodplain lakes characterized by sandy substrates and minimal vegetation. The water in these areas is often stained a darker color due to decomposing leaves, creating a unique environment that the January tetra thrives in.
Temperament and Compatibility
January tetras are peaceful, shoaling fish that thrive in groups of six or more. Their calm demeanor makes them suitable for community tanks with other non-aggressive species.
What are suitable tank mates for January tetras?
Compatible tank mates include other small, peaceful fish such as other tetra species, rasboras, small danios, and dwarf cichlids like Apistogramma species. Avoid housing them with larger or more aggressive fish that may intimidate or prey on them.
How do January tetras behave in a community tank?
In a community setting, January tetras exhibit active schooling behavior, often swimming together in the middle levels of the tank. This not only provides a captivating display but also helps reduce stress among the fish.
Interesting Facts
The January tetra's common name is a direct reference to Lake Hyanuary, where the type specimen was collected. Interestingly, the name "January" is a corruption of "Hyanuary," showcasing the influence of local geography on species nomenclature.
In their natural habitat, January tetras often display a golden sheen on their scales, attributed to a parasite found within their native range. Captive-bred specimens, however, typically exhibit a silver iridescence, highlighting the impact of environmental factors on their coloration.
Breeding January tetras in captivity can be challenging. They require soft, acidic water conditions and a dimly lit environment to encourage spawning. Females can lay up to 200 eggs, which hatch within 24 to 36 hours. The fry are sensitive to light in their early stages, necessitating a darkened tank to ensure their survival.
Sources
All information in this article has been gathered from the following reputable sources: