Earth eater
Introduction
The Earth Eater cichlid, scientifically known as Satanoperca jurupari, is a captivating freshwater fish native to South America. Renowned for its unique feeding behavior—sifting through substrate to extract food—this species has become a favorite among aquarists seeking both aesthetic appeal and engaging activity in their tanks. With its peaceful temperament and striking appearance, the Earth Eater is well-suited for beginner to intermediate fishkeepers willing to meet its specific care requirements.
What makes the Earth Eater cichlid unique?
Its distinctive feeding habit of sifting through sand to find food particles sets it apart from many other cichlid species.
Is the Earth Eater suitable for community tanks?
Yes, due to its generally peaceful nature, it can coexist with other non-aggressive fish of similar size.
How large does the Earth Eater grow?
It typically reaches an adult size of 18–19 cm (7.1–7.5 inches).
Care and Environment
Providing optimal care for the Earth Eater cichlid involves attention to tank size, water parameters, and habitat setup.
What is the minimum tank size for an Earth Eater cichlid?
A minimum of 170 liters (45 gallons) is recommended for a single fish.
What are the ideal water parameters?
Maintain a temperature between 24–26°C (75.2–78.8°F), pH levels of 6.3–7.4, and water hardness of 5–10 dGH.
How should the tank be decorated?
Use fine sand as substrate to accommodate their sifting behavior, and include driftwood and rocks to provide hiding spots.
Earth Eaters are omnivorous and thrive on a varied diet, including high-quality cichlid pellets, live or frozen foods like brine shrimp and bloodworms, and occasional blanched vegetables. Regular water changes and efficient filtration are essential to maintain water quality, as these fish can be sensitive to deteriorating conditions. While they are generally peaceful, they may become territorial during breeding periods.
Origin and Habitat
The Earth Eater cichlid hails from the Amazon River basin in South America, particularly in Brazil. It inhabits slow-moving rivers and tributaries with soft, sandy substrates, where it engages in its characteristic sifting behavior to find food. These environments are typically warm, with temperatures ranging from 24–26°C (75.2–78.8°F), and have slightly acidic to neutral pH levels.
What type of substrate is found in their natural habitat?
They are commonly found over fine, sandy bottoms, which facilitate their feeding habits.
Do they prefer areas with strong currents?
No, they are typically found in slow-moving or still waters.
Is vegetation abundant in their natural environment?
Yes, they often inhabit areas with submerged roots and leaf litter, providing ample hiding spots.
Temperament and Compatibility
Earth Eater cichlids are generally peaceful and can be kept with other non-aggressive fish of similar size. They are bottom dwellers and spend much of their time sifting through the substrate. While they are not known to be aggressive, they can become territorial during breeding periods.
Can Earth Eaters be kept with smaller fish?
It's advisable to avoid housing them with significantly smaller fish, as they may be mistaken for food.
Are they suitable for planted tanks?
Due to their digging behavior, they may uproot plants; using hardy, potted plants or those attached to driftwood is recommended.
Do they need to be kept in groups?
While they can be kept singly, they often display more natural behaviors when kept in pairs or small groups.
Interesting Facts
The Earth Eater cichlid's name derives from its unique feeding behavior of ingesting mouthfuls of substrate to extract edible particles, then expelling the rest through its gills. This behavior not only aids in feeding but also helps aerate the substrate. They are mouthbrooders, with females carrying fertilized eggs in their mouths until the fry are ready to swim freely. This species is known for its longevity, often living up to 10 years in well-maintained aquariums.
Why do they sift through the substrate?
This behavior allows them to find small invertebrates and organic matter to eat.
How do they care for their young?
Females carry the fertilized eggs and later the fry in their mouths to protect them from predators.
Can they recognize their owners?
Many aquarists report that Earth Eaters can become accustomed to their presence and may even respond to feeding cues.
Sources
All information in this article has been gathered from the following reputable sources: