Congo ctenopoma

Introduction

The Congo ctenopoma, also known as the Ctenopoma kingsleyae or Kingsley’s ctenopoma, is a fascinating freshwater fish that has gained popularity among aquarists for its unique appearance and intriguing behaviors. With its striking pattern of spots, robust body, and labyrinth organ that allows it to breathe atmospheric air, the Congo ctenopoma stands out in any aquarium. This species is well-suited for intermediate fishkeepers due to its moderate care requirements and adaptability, but it does need thoughtful tank planning and attention to its specific needs. Whether you’re drawn to its subtle beauty or its predatory instincts, the Congo ctenopoma offers a rewarding experience for those willing to meet its requirements.

Care and Environment

Caring for the Congo ctenopoma requires attention to tank size, water parameters, and the overall aquarium setup. For a single fish or a pair, the minimum recommended tank size is 120 litres, but a larger tank of 200 litres or more is ideal, especially if you plan to keep a small group. These fish thrive in soft, slightly acidic to neutral water, with a temperature range of 23–28°C and a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Water hardness should be kept in the range of 5–15 dGH. Good filtration is essential, as Congo ctenopomas are sensitive to poor water quality, but avoid excessive current; they prefer gentle flow similar to their natural habitats.

What type of tank setup is best for Congo ctenopoma?

The best setup includes plenty of hiding spots using driftwood, rocks, and dense planting, as this species appreciates subdued lighting and cover. Floating plants are especially beneficial, as they help diffuse light and mimic the fish’s native environment. A soft, sandy substrate is recommended to prevent injury and encourage natural foraging behaviors.

What should I feed my Congo ctenopoma?

Congo ctenopomas are carnivorous and thrive on a varied diet of high-quality meaty foods. Offer a mix of live or frozen foods such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and chopped earthworms, along with occasional high-protein pellets. They may accept some prepared foods, but live or frozen options are best for maintaining health and natural behavior.

Are there any challenges to keeping Congo ctenopoma?

This species can be shy and may take time to adjust to a new environment. They are also known for being ambush predators, so tank mates must be chosen carefully. Additionally, Congo ctenopomas can be territorial, especially during breeding, and may show aggression toward smaller or slow-moving fish. Regular maintenance and stable water conditions are crucial to prevent stress and disease.

Origin and Habitat

The Congo ctenopoma is native to Central and West Africa, particularly found in the Congo River Basin and surrounding regions, including Gabon and Cameroon. In the wild, these fish inhabit slow-moving rivers, forest streams, swamps, and floodplains, where the water is soft, slightly acidic, and often stained with tannins from decaying vegetation. The natural environment is typically dense with aquatic plants, submerged roots, and leaf litter, providing ample cover and hunting grounds. Seasonal flooding can influence their habitat, leading to variations in water depth and chemistry throughout the year.

What kind of water conditions do Congo ctenopoma experience in the wild?

They live in soft, slightly acidic waters with low to moderate flow, surrounded by dense vegetation and natural debris.

How does their natural habitat influence aquarium care?

Replicating their wild environment with plenty of cover, soft water, and subdued lighting helps reduce stress and encourages natural behaviors in the aquarium.

Temperament and Compatibility

Congo ctenopomas are generally peaceful but can be territorial, especially with their own kind or during breeding. They are not shoaling fish and are best kept singly, in pairs, or in small groups if the tank is large enough and provides ample hiding spaces. While they usually ignore similarly sized tank mates, they may prey on smaller fish or invertebrates. Suitable tank mates include robust, non-aggressive species such as larger tetras, peaceful cichlids, or catfish. Avoid keeping them with fin-nippers or very active fish, as this can cause stress.

Can Congo ctenopoma be kept with other fish?

Yes, but tank mates should be chosen carefully. Avoid small fish that could be seen as prey, and provide plenty of hiding spots to minimize territorial disputes.

Do Congo ctenopomas need to be kept in groups?

No, they do not require groups and can be kept singly or in pairs. If kept in groups, ensure a large tank with lots of cover to prevent aggression.

What signs of aggression should I watch for?

Look for chasing, nipping, or persistent hiding by other fish. Rearranging decor and adding more cover can help reduce territorial behavior.

Interesting Facts

The Congo ctenopoma is part of the labyrinth fish family, meaning it can breathe air from the surface thanks to a specialized organ. This adaptation allows it to survive in oxygen-poor waters. In the aquarium, you might see it occasionally gulping air at the surface. The species is also known for its stealthy hunting style, often remaining motionless before ambushing prey. While breeding in captivity is rare, males may become more colorful and territorial during spawning attempts. The Congo ctenopoma has been available in the aquarium trade for decades but remains a unique choice due to its predatory habits and subtle beauty.

Why is the Congo ctenopoma sometimes called a "bushfish"?

This nickname comes from its habit of lurking among plants and roots, waiting to ambush unsuspecting prey.

Do they have any special adaptations?

Yes, their labyrinth organ lets them breathe air, which is especially useful in stagnant or low-oxygen waters.

Sources

All information in this article has been gathered from the following reputable sources:

• seriouslyfish.com
• fishbase.se
• practicalfishkeeping.co.uk