Common hatchetfish
Introduction
The Common hatchetfish (Gasteropelecus sternicla) is a captivating freshwater species renowned for its distinctive, hatchet-shaped body and unique behaviors. Native to South America, these fish are popular among aquarists for their peaceful nature and intriguing surface-dwelling habits. While they require specific care to thrive, their fascinating characteristics make them a rewarding addition to a well-maintained aquarium.
What makes the Common hatchetfish unique?
Their hatchet-shaped body and ability to jump out of the water to catch insects set them apart from other freshwater species.
Are Common hatchetfish suitable for beginners?
They can be suitable for beginners who are willing to meet their specific care requirements, such as maintaining water quality and providing a secure tank cover.
Care and Environment
Caring for Common hatchetfish involves creating an environment that closely mimics their natural habitat. A minimum tank size of 75 liters is recommended to provide ample swimming space. For groups of six or more, a larger tank of at least 150 liters is ideal. Maintaining water temperatures between 23°C and 28°C, with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5, and water hardness between 4 to 12 dGH, is crucial for their well-being.
What type of filtration is best for Common hatchetfish?
A gentle filtration system is preferred to avoid strong currents, as these fish inhabit calm waters in the wild.
Do they require specific lighting conditions?
Moderate lighting is suitable, and incorporating floating plants can help diffuse light and provide a sense of security.
Feeding should consist of a varied diet, including high-quality flake foods and small live or frozen foods like brine shrimp and bloodworms. As surface feeders, they prefer food that remains at the water's surface.
How often should they be fed?
Offering small amounts of food two to three times daily is recommended to meet their dietary needs.
Tank decor should include floating plants to provide cover and reduce stress. A tightly fitting lid is essential, as Common hatchetfish are known for their jumping ability and can leap several meters when startled.
Why is a secure tank lid important?
To prevent the fish from jumping out, which they may do when alarmed or during feeding.
Origin and Habitat
Common hatchetfish are native to South America, specifically the Amazon River basin, including regions in Peru, Venezuela, and the Guianas. They inhabit slow-moving forest streams and small rivers with abundant surface vegetation. These environments are characterized by calm waters, dense plant cover, and a variety of submerged roots and branches, providing ample hiding spots and feeding opportunities.
What type of water bodies do they prefer?
They thrive in slow-flowing streams and rivers with rich vegetation.
How does their natural habitat influence their care in captivity?
Replicating their natural environment with floating plants and calm waters helps reduce stress and promotes natural behaviors.
Temperament and Compatibility
Common hatchetfish are peaceful and best kept in groups of at least six to promote natural schooling behavior and reduce stress. Suitable tank mates include small, non-aggressive species such as tetras, dwarf cichlids, Corydoras, and Loricariids. Avoid housing them with larger or more aggressive fish that may intimidate or outcompete them for food.
Can they be kept with other surface-dwelling fish?
It's best to avoid other surface dwellers to prevent competition for space and food.
How do they interact with bottom-dwelling species?
They coexist well with bottom dwellers, as they occupy different levels of the tank.
Interesting Facts
Common hatchetfish possess powerful pectoral muscles that enable them to leap out of the water to catch flying insects, a behavior that underscores their agility and hunting prowess. Despite their popularity, breeding them in captivity is rare, and their reproductive habits remain largely undocumented. Their unique body shape not only aids in their distinctive swimming style but also contributes to their ability to make impressive jumps when startled.
Why are they called "hatchetfish"?
Their body shape resembles the blade of a hatchet, giving them their common name.
Is it common for them to jump out of aquariums?
Yes, they are known for their jumping ability, so a secure lid is essential to prevent escapes.
Sources
All information in this article has been gathered from the following reputable sources:
Overview
Recommended Tank Size 39.6 Gallon (for groups of 6 or more) |
Minimum Group Size 6 |
Maximum Adult Size |
Minimum Tank Volume 19.8 Gallon |
Maximum Adult Length 2.8 inch |
Average Adult Length 2.4 inch |
Shoaling (6+ required) Yes |
Preferred Water Type Freshwater, soft, acidic |
Temperature Range (°C) 23–28 |
pH Range 5.5–7.5 |
Water Hardness (dGH) 4–12 |
Typical Lifespan (years) 5 years |