Cascarudo
Introduction
The Cascarudo, also known as the Armored Catfish or Bubblenest Catfish, is a unique freshwater species cherished by aquarists for its distinctive appearance and hardy nature. Belonging to the Callichthyidae family, this fish is characterized by its bony armor-like plates and ability to breathe atmospheric air, making it a fascinating addition to home aquariums. With proper care, the Cascarudo can thrive, offering both visual appeal and intriguing behaviors to observe.
Care and Environment
Providing optimal care for the Cascarudo involves understanding its specific needs and natural behaviors. Here's a comprehensive guide to ensure a healthy environment for this species:
What is the minimum tank size required for a Cascarudo?
A minimum tank size of 100 liters (approximately 26 gallons) is recommended to accommodate a single Cascarudo comfortably. This space allows for adequate swimming room and the inclusion of necessary tank decor.
What are the ideal water parameters for Cascarudo?
Maintaining stable water conditions is crucial. Aim for a temperature range of 18–28°C (64–83°F), a pH between 5.8 and 8.3, and water hardness from 0 to 30 dGH. Regular monitoring and adjustments will help keep these parameters within the ideal range.
How should the tank be set up for a Cascarudo?
Use a soft, sandy substrate to protect the fish's delicate barbels. Incorporate hiding spots with driftwood, rocks, and dense vegetation to mimic their natural habitat and provide security. Ensure the tank has a tight-fitting lid, as Cascarudos are known jumpers and may attempt to escape if the tank is not properly secured.
What is the recommended diet for Cascarudo?
Cascarudos are omnivorous and feed at night on fish, insects, and plant matter. In captivity, they will eat almost anything that sinks to the bottom of the tank, including dried, live, and frozen foods. Offering a varied diet will help maintain their health and vitality.
Are there any specific challenges in keeping Cascarudo?
Cascarudos are sensitive to changes in water parameters and will not do well in an unstable environment. They are also known to be jumpers, so a tight-fitting lid is essential to prevent escape. Additionally, they have hardened pectoral spines that can pierce human skin, so they should be handled with care, and a plastic container should be used to move them; using a net is not recommended because these spines may become entangled in the mesh.
Origin and Habitat
The Cascarudo is native to South America, inhabiting a wide range of river systems from Trinidad to Buenos Aires, Argentina, including the upper Amazon and Paraguay River systems. They are adaptable to various water conditions, from anoxic environments surrounded by dense vegetation to slightly turbid, free-flowing streams. This adaptability allows them to thrive in diverse habitats, making them resilient in captivity when their environmental needs are met.
Temperament and Compatibility
Cascarudos are generally peaceful and can coexist with similarly sized, non-aggressive fish. They are social creatures and should be kept in groups of at least five to promote natural behaviors and reduce stress. Suitable tank mates include Angelfish, larger Tetras, and other South American species like Ram Cichlids. Avoid housing them with very small or delicate fish, as they may inadvertently become prey. Providing ample hiding spots and maintaining a spacious environment will help minimize potential territorial disputes.
Interesting Facts
Cascarudos possess several fascinating traits that make them stand out in the aquarium hobby:
How do Cascarudos breathe atmospheric air?
They have a highly vascularized intestine that facilitates the uptake of atmospheric oxygen, allowing them to survive in low-oxygen environments by gulping air at the water's surface.
What unique behavior do Cascarudos exhibit during reproduction?
During reproduction, the male's belly turns orange, and its pectoral spines become longer and thicker. The male builds a bubble nest with some floating plants, fiercely guarding it after the female lays down her eggs.
Are Cascarudos known to be jumpers?
Yes, Cascarudos are known to be jumpers, so a tight-fitting lid is essential to prevent escape.
Sources
All information in this article has been gathered from the following reputable sources: