Brown’s betta

Introduction

Brown’s betta (Betta brownorum) is a captivating species cherished by aquarists for its striking deep red coloration and distinctive iridescent green lateral blotch. Native to the peat swamp forests of Borneo, this small fish offers a unique addition to home aquariums. While their care requires attention to specific water conditions, their beauty and intriguing behaviors make them a rewarding choice for dedicated hobbyists.

What makes Brown’s betta stand out among other betta species?

Their vibrant red hue combined with a prominent green lateral spot sets them apart, offering a visual appeal distinct from more common betta varieties.

Is Brown’s betta suitable for beginner aquarists?

Due to their specific environmental needs, they are better suited for aquarists with some experience in maintaining stable water parameters.

How large do Brown’s bettas grow?

They typically reach a maximum length of about 2.6 cm, making them ideal for smaller, well-maintained aquariums.

Care and Environment

Providing optimal care for Brown’s betta involves replicating their natural habitat conditions. A minimum tank size of 30 liters is recommended for a pair, with larger volumes preferred for groups. The water should be soft and acidic, with a pH range of 3.5 to 6 and a temperature between 22°C and 26°C. Maintaining these parameters is crucial for their health and well-being.

Filtration should be gentle to mimic the slow-moving waters of their native environment. Overly strong currents can cause stress. Lighting should be subdued; using floating plants can help diffuse light and provide shaded areas. Incorporating leaf litter, such as dried oak leaves, can simulate the natural substrate and contribute to the desired water chemistry.

Feeding should consist of live or frozen foods like bloodworms and brine shrimp, aligning with their carnivorous diet. Offering a varied diet ensures they receive necessary nutrients. Regular water changes and monitoring are essential to maintain water quality, as they are sensitive to fluctuations.

Can Brown’s bettas be kept in a community tank?

They are best kept in species-specific setups or with other peaceful fish that thrive in similar water conditions, as they can be shy and may not compete well for food.

How often should water parameters be tested?

Weekly testing is recommended to ensure stability, especially given their sensitivity to changes.

What are signs of stress in Brown’s bettas?

Lethargy, loss of color, and reduced appetite can indicate stress, often due to poor water quality or inappropriate tank conditions.

Origin and Habitat

Brown’s betta is endemic to the island of Borneo, specifically in the southern parts of Sarawak state in Malaysia and West Kalimantan state in Indonesia. They inhabit very shallow waters in peat swamp forests, environments characterized by soft, acidic water and dense leaf litter. These swamps are typically shaded, with minimal water flow and abundant vegetation, providing ample hiding spots and a rich supply of microfauna for feeding.

Why is it important to replicate their natural habitat in captivity?

Mimicking their native conditions helps reduce stress and promotes natural behaviors, leading to healthier and more active fish.

Do they experience seasonal changes in the wild?

While specific data is limited, peat swamp forests can experience fluctuations in water levels and temperature, which may influence their breeding and feeding patterns.

Are peat swamp forests common habitats for other fish species?

Yes, these unique ecosystems host a variety of specialized fish adapted to acidic, low-oxygen environments.

Temperament and Compatibility

Brown’s bettas are generally peaceful but can be shy, especially in the presence of more aggressive tank mates. They do not shoal but may tolerate conspecifics if provided with ample space and hiding spots. Ideal tank mates include other small, non-aggressive species that thrive in similar water conditions. Avoid housing them with larger or more boisterous fish that may outcompete them for food or cause stress.

Can multiple Brown’s bettas be kept together?

Yes, in larger tanks with sufficient hiding places, small groups can coexist peacefully.

What behaviors indicate compatibility issues?

Chasing, fin nipping, or hiding for extended periods can signal stress or aggression among tank mates.

How can the tank environment reduce stress?

Providing dense vegetation, caves, and subdued lighting creates a secure environment that can help minimize stress.

Interesting Facts

Brown’s betta was named in honor of Barbara and Allan Brown, the first to collect the species in Sarawak. Unlike many bettas, they can exhibit both bubble-nesting and mouthbrooding behaviors, with some pairs displaying a preference for one method over the other. Their ability to breathe atmospheric air through a labyrinth organ allows them to survive in low-oxygen environments typical of peat swamps.

What is the significance of their labyrinth organ?

It enables them to extract oxygen from the air, allowing survival in environments with low dissolved oxygen levels.

Are they commonly found in the aquarium trade?

They are less common than other betta species but are sought after by enthusiasts for their unique appearance and behaviors.

How do their breeding behaviors differ from other bettas?

Their potential for both bubble-nesting and mouthbrooding is relatively rare among betta species, adding to their intrigue.

Sources

All information in this article has been gathered from the following reputable sources:

• smp.ibcbettas.org
• seriouslyfish.com
• fishbase.se