Black pacu
Minimum Tank Volume 528 Gallon |
Recommended Tank Volume 793 Gallon (for optimal conditions or housing multiple specimens) |
Maximum Adult Length 39 inch |
Average Adult Length 35 inch |
Shoaling (6+ required) No |
Preferred Water Type Freshwater, soft to moderately hard, slightly acidic to neutral |
Minimum Group Size 1 |
Temperature Range (°C) 22–28 |
pH Range 5.5–7.5 |
Water Hardness (dGH) 20 |
Typical Lifespan (years) 20 years |
Maximum Adult Size |
Minimum Tank Volume 528 Gallon | Recommended Tank Volume 793 Gallon (for optimal conditions or housing multiple specimens) |
Maximum Adult Length 39 inch | Average Adult Length 35 inch |
Shoaling (6+ required) No | Preferred Water Type Freshwater, soft to moderately hard, slightly acidic to neutral |
Minimum Group Size 1 | Temperature Range (°C) 22–28 |
pH Range 5.5–7.5 | Water Hardness (dGH) 20 |
Typical Lifespan (years) 20 years | Maximum Adult Size |
Introduction
The Black Pacu (Colossoma macropomum) is a large, peaceful freshwater fish native to South America's Amazon and Orinoco river basins. Often mistaken for its carnivorous relative, the piranha, the Black Pacu is primarily herbivorous and known for its impressive size and unique appearance. While their intriguing nature appeals to aquarists, their substantial size and specific care requirements make them suitable only for those prepared to meet their needs.
Care and Environment
Caring for a Black Pacu requires a significant commitment due to their rapid growth and large adult size. Juveniles may start small, but they can quickly outgrow standard aquariums, necessitating spacious environments.
What is the minimum tank size for a Black Pacu?
Given their potential to reach lengths of up to 100 cm (40 inches), a minimum tank size of 2,000 litres (approximately 500 gallons) is recommended for a single adult Black Pacu. For optimal conditions or housing multiple specimens, tanks exceeding 3,000 litres (around 800 gallons) are advisable.
What water parameters are ideal for Black Pacus?
Black Pacus thrive in water temperatures between 22°C and 28°C (72°F to 82°F), with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. They prefer soft to moderately hard water, with a hardness of up to 20 dGH.
Due to their substantial waste production, robust filtration systems are essential. High-capacity external filters or sump systems are recommended to maintain water quality. Regular water changes of 30-50% bi-weekly help manage waste levels and keep the environment healthy.
Lighting should mimic natural daylight cycles, providing a consistent day-night rhythm. While Black Pacus are not particularly sensitive to lighting, maintaining a regular schedule supports their well-being.
What should I feed my Black Pacu?
In the wild, Black Pacus primarily consume fruits, nuts, and seeds. In captivity, their diet should include high-quality pellets designed for herbivorous fish, supplemented with fresh fruits and vegetables such as apples, bananas, grapes, spinach, lettuce, peas, and carrots. Occasional protein sources like earthworms or shrimp can be offered but should not constitute the main diet.
Tank decor should prioritize open swimming spaces. Use large, smooth rocks and sturdy driftwood to create a natural environment. Live plants are generally unsuitable, as Black Pacus tend to consume them. Ensure all decorations are securely placed to prevent accidental rearrangement by these powerful fish.
One of the primary challenges in keeping Black Pacus is accommodating their rapid growth and large size. Prospective owners must plan for substantial space and resources to meet their long-term needs.
Origin and Habitat
Black Pacus are indigenous to the Amazon and Orinoco river basins in South America, encompassing countries such as Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.
What type of environments do Black Pacus inhabit?
They inhabit a variety of freshwater environments, including rivers, floodplains, and lakes. These areas are often characterized by slow-moving waters with abundant vegetation and submerged structures, providing ample food sources and shelter.
Seasonal variations, such as flooding during the rainy season, play a significant role in their natural habitat, influencing their feeding and breeding behaviors.
Temperament and Compatibility
Despite their formidable size, Black Pacus are generally peaceful and non-aggressive. They can coexist with other large, non-aggressive fish species.
Are Black Pacus suitable for community tanks?
Due to their size and active nature, Black Pacus are best kept with similarly sized tank mates. Suitable companions include large characins, big cichlids, and large catfish from the Pimelodid, Doradid, and Loricariid families.
It's important to avoid housing them with smaller fish, as their size and activity can inadvertently harm or intimidate smaller species. Additionally, ensure the tank is spacious enough to accommodate all inhabitants comfortably.
Interesting Facts
Black Pacus possess unique dental structures resembling human molars, enabling them to crush hard-shelled fruits and nuts.
Can Black Pacus be bred in home aquariums?
Breeding Black Pacus in home aquariums is extremely rare and typically requires hormone treatments in controlled environments.
Due to their rapid growth and large size, many Black Pacus purchased as juveniles outgrow their tanks, leading to releases into non-native environments. This has resulted in established populations in regions outside their native range, such as parts of the United States.
Sources
All information in this article has been gathered from the following reputable sources: