Smallscale archerfish
Introduction
The Smallscale archerfish (Toxotes microlepis) is a captivating species renowned for its unique hunting behavior and striking appearance. Unlike its larger relatives, this freshwater archerfish reaches a manageable size, making it an appealing choice for aquarists seeking an unusual addition to their tanks. However, their care requires attention to specific environmental conditions to ensure their well-being.
What makes the Smallscale archerfish unique?
This species is famous for its ability to shoot jets of water to knock insects off overhanging vegetation into the water, a behavior that can be observed in captivity.
Is the Smallscale archerfish suitable for beginner aquarists?
Due to their specific care requirements, including water parameters and feeding habits, they are better suited for aquarists with some experience.
Can Smallscale archerfish be kept in freshwater aquariums?
While they are often found in freshwater habitats, maintaining slightly brackish conditions in captivity is recommended for their long-term health.
Care and Environment
Providing optimal care for the Smallscale archerfish involves replicating their natural habitat and addressing their unique needs.
What is the minimum tank size for a Smallscale archerfish?
A minimum tank size of 55 gallons (approximately 208 liters) is recommended to accommodate their active nature and potential growth.
What are the ideal water parameters for Smallscale archerfish?
Maintain a temperature between 23–28°C (73.4–82.4°F), pH levels of 6.5–7.5, and water hardness of 6–21°N (107.14–375 ppm).
Do Smallscale archerfish require brackish water?
Although they inhabit freshwater environments, incorporating a slight brackish element (specific gravity of 1.000–1.005) can be beneficial.
A high-quality filtration system is essential to maintain water clarity and quality, as these fish are sensitive to poor conditions. Moderate lighting is suitable, and the tank should include open swimming areas along with decorations like driftwood and plants to provide hiding spots. Feeding should consist of high-quality pellets supplemented with live or frozen foods such as mysis shrimp, pieces of fish or shrimp, and live terrestrial insects like crickets and mealworms. Be aware that they may exhibit nervousness if kept alone; thus, maintaining them in groups can help reduce stress.
Origin and Habitat
The Smallscale archerfish is native to the tropical Indo-Pacific region, including the Mekong and Chao Phraya river basins, as well as waters off the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. They inhabit large rivers and estuaries, often found near shores with overhanging vegetation. These environments typically feature slow-moving or standing waters, providing ample opportunities for their unique hunting behavior.
Do Smallscale archerfish migrate between different water types?
They are potamodromous, moving between fresh and brackish waters throughout their lives.
What type of vegetation is common in their natural habitat?
They are often found near overhanging plants, which they use to hunt terrestrial insects.
Are they found in fast-flowing waters?
They typically inhabit slow-moving or standing waters, avoiding fast currents.
Temperament and Compatibility
Smallscale archerfish are generally peaceful but can display mild aggression, especially during feeding times. They are best kept in groups of at least five to minimize nervousness and encourage natural behaviors. Suitable tank mates include non-aggressive, similarly sized fish that can tolerate brackish conditions. Avoid housing them with smaller fish, as they may be viewed as prey.
Can Smallscale archerfish be kept with other archerfish species?
It's possible, but ensure all species have similar care requirements and temperaments.
Are they suitable for community tanks?
They can be, provided tank mates are chosen carefully to match their size and environmental needs.
Do they require a specific group size?
Keeping them in groups of at least five is recommended to reduce stress and promote natural behaviors.
Interesting Facts
The Smallscale archerfish is renowned for its remarkable hunting technique, where it shoots jets of water to dislodge insects from overhanging vegetation. This behavior can be encouraged in captivity by placing food above the water's surface. They are also known to jump out of the water to catch prey, so a secure tank lid is essential. Despite their fascinating behaviors, breeding them in captivity is extremely rare, with few documented cases.
How do Smallscale archerfish develop their shooting accuracy?
They refine their aim through practice, learning to compensate for light refraction at the water's surface.
Can they shoot water at targets below the surface?
No, their shooting behavior is specifically adapted for targeting prey above the water.
Are there any cultural significances associated with archerfish?
In some cultures, archerfish are admired for their precision and unique hunting skills, symbolizing focus and adaptability.
Sources
All information in this article has been gathered from the following reputable sources:
Overview
Recommended Tank Size 54.9 Gallon (suitable for a group of 5) |
Minimum Group Size 5 |
Maximum Adult Size |
Minimum Tank Volume 54.9 Gallon |
Maximum Adult Length 5.9 inch |
Average Adult Length 4.7 inch |
Shoaling (6+ required) Yes |
Preferred Water Type Freshwater with slight brackish conditions |
Temperature Range (°C) 23–28 |
pH Range 6.5–7.5 |
Water Hardness (dGH) 6–21 |
Typical Lifespan (years) 10 years |